History Of India and World

  The Chola dynasty stands tall in the annals of South Indian history, boasting emperors like Rajaraja Chola I whose reigns glittered with conquest and cultural brilliance. Yet, there exists a lesser-known figure, a prince whose bravery and potential flickered brightly before being extinguished – Aditya Karikalan Chola, Rajaraja's elder brother. Aditya Karikalan's life, though brief, was a testament to valour. Credited with leading the Chola forces to victory against the Pandyas at the Battle of Chevur, he cemented his reputation as a skilled military leader. Legends whisper of him vanquishing the Pandya king Veerapandyan himself, a feat that solidified Chola's dominance in the region. But Aditya Karikalan's legacy extends beyond the battlefield. Historical hints suggest he was designated heir apparent, bypassing another with a stronger claim. This speaks volumes of the respect he commanded within the Chola family, a testament to his leadership qualities that marked him...

Close your eyes and think about Shiv Ling. Well, As soon as we think about a Shiv Ling/Lingam the image that strikes our mind is this, Image For Representation Purpose Only Right?? There are thousands of temples spread across our country dedicated to Lord Shiva, Lord Vishnu and Maa Shakthi. Many temples are infamous worldwide and are also recognised by the UNESCO World Heritage sites. India is not only a place to the oldest temples in the world but also an abode to the most mysterious and miraculous ones.  The reason why I asked you to visualise Shivlingam is 99% of them would have visualised the above image or any specific Shivling that's close to your heart. We have seen many Shivlings from humongous ones to smaller ones, each one would be in a different shape. Most Shivlings are made out of Granite, Marble, Panchaloha, and even made out of precious stones, like Emerald. The list goes on and on we do not know how many hidden treasures have to be unearthed in India, that's the...

Hampi - The Group of Monuments has got a prominent place in Indian History, which has been the capital of one of the most powerful empires in South India. It was during the time when other powerful dynasties like Cholas and Pandya's reign declined, Vijayanagara Empire gave hope to the south and which dominated for 310 years.    Founders Of Vijayanagara Empire Harihar and Bukka found this in the year 1336 AD which is 685 years ago on the banks of River Tungabadra. Later Made Hampi as the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire, there we go the Beautiful and one of the richest cities flourished. Hamp and its group of monuments is also the UNESCO World Heritage Site which is located in East-central Karnataka, India. Which encompasses an area of 4,187.24 hectares comprising more than 1600 surviving remains which includes forts, temples, shrines, mandapas (Halls), beautiful stone pillars etc.  It is to be noted that Hampi was the Worlds Second largest Medieval city after Beijing wh...

Major Provisions/References Adapted From Constitutions Of Different Countries Makers of our Indian Constitution never shied away or hesitate to learn from other constitutions. Our constitution makers never opposed to borrowing the provisions or references from other countries constitution, it was a testament to their wide learning that they could lay their hands upon any intellectual arguement. They borrowed a few numbers of provisions from different countries. The provisions that they adapted from different countries are: British  1. First Past the Post 2. Parliamentary Form Of Government 3. The Idea of the Rule Of Law 4. Speaker and his Role 5. Law Making Procedure The United States 1. Charter Of Fundamental Rights 2. Power Of Judicial Review and Independence of the Judiciary. Canada 1. A Quasi-federal form of government 2. The idea of residual Powers. Ireland 1. Directive Principles of State Policy France 1. Principle of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity These are the above refer...

The Indian constitution was adopted on 26th November 1949 by the constituent assembly, many of us have this questions like ; Was there any document before 1947? How did the first Prime Minister(PM) of India take Oath Then? When India wasn't partitioned there was a formal Constitution made by the Constituent Assembly which has been elected for "Undivided India".  The first meeting was held on 09-December-1946 and then on 14-August-1947, it was reassembled as Constituent Assembly for " Divided India" . The Constituent Assembly members were elected by an Indirect Election by the members of the Provincial Legislative Assembly, which was established under the Government Of India Act - 1935. The assembly was composed roughly along the lines suggested by the plan proposed by the committee of the British cabinet, known as "Cabinet Mission" Plans Of Cabinet Mission According to the Cabinet Mission plan: Each province and each princely state or group of states ...

Ivan 4 popularly know as Ivan The Terrible was one of the most bloodthirsty tyrants in History. A monster that he was and everything went dreadfully wrong in Russia because of Him. Ivan was born on 25 - August - 1530, Kolomenskoye, Moscow. who was also called Ivan the Fearsome, Ivan The Formidable. A misfortune when Ivan was just three years old he ascended the throne post his father's death in 1533 it caused a three-way power struggle between Ivan's forceful mother and other two leading families of the noblemen, the Belskys and the Shuiskys.  Ivan's mother was poisoned by the noblemen when he was just Eight and his mother's Lover Obolensky was walled up in a dungeon and was left to starve to death. Obolensky's sister was Ivan's nurse and Ivan loved her dearly. Litle Ivan had to be prised and weeping when the soldiers came to take away his dear nurse. His childhood was horrible and was treated very bad by the Boyars (Family of Noblemen).  Ivan was treated like f...

The recent discovery at the Harappan Site which is quite fascinating is that, Laddu - Yes Yes the Indian Dish laddu was discovered here Multigrain Laddu Laddu material found during an excavation in Rajasthan, seven laddus were discovered in 2017 during the excavation of a Harappan Archeological site in Binjor (Western Rajasthan). Scientific research on materials found during excavations in Rajasthan reveals that Harappa people were consuming high-protein, multi-grain “laddu” (food balls) about 4,000 years ago. became. Wet) climatic conditions. Of course, this is an interesting discovery, from 2014 to 2017 totally of seven laddus were discovered. After the discovery a joint study conducted by Birbal Sahni Institue of Archeology (BSIP), Lucknow along with Archeological Research Institute (ASI) in New Delhi. This scientific study found that. Along with seven large brown Laddus two bull figurines and a copper adze were also discovered, These food balls date back to  2600 BCE  whic...

A Look at Mughals Lineage: Mughals ruled India for around 300 years since 1526, an unknown fact to many Indians about the  Mughals is that whose lineage did the Mughals follow whether their paternal or maternal. Mughals have  “Mongol”  lineage, yes the name Mughal is derived from “Mongol”, they were the descendants of two Rulers. From their mother's side, they were descendants of “Genghis Khan”, a cruel Mongol ruler who ruled over parts of China and Central Asia. From their father's side, they were the successors of  “Timur” , another tyrant from Iran, Iraq, and modern Turkey who attacked India. The Mughals referred to themselves as “Timurids” as descendants of the Turkish ruler “Timur” on the paternal side. Genghis Khan was there maternal SIde - Genghis Khan founder of Mogol Empire the most contagious empire in history born in Delüün Boldog, Mongolia Timur was their Paternal Side - born in Uzbekistan and died in Kazakhstan, a Turko Mongol ruler who founded the Timur...

Interesting Fact about Mughuls that most of them Don't know.  Mughals - ruled India for around 300 years and we have read their history From Architecture to Gardens and a lot more. But there is an unknown fact which few of them might know and few don't, the fact is related to Mughals Paternal and Maternal Lineage and which the last ruler followed. Mughals have “Mongol” lineage, yes the name Mughal is derived from “Mongol”, they were the descendants of two Rulers. From their mother's side, they were descendants of “Genghis Khan”, a cruel Mongol ruler who ruled over parts of China and Central Asia. From their father's side, they were the successors of “Timur” , another tyrant from Iran, Iraq, and modern Turkey who attacked India. The Mughals referred to themselves as “Timurids” as descendants of the Turkish ruler “Timur” on the paternal side. The Mughals even celebrated their Genealogy pictorially, each ruler getting a picture made of Timur and Himself. Just take a look ...

  Immadi Pulikeshi 2 - 609-642AD - The greatest Of The Chalukya Kings. Born as Ereya to King Kirthivarman 1, who later assumed the name Pulikeshi on his coronation, Immadi Pulikeshi whose capital was Badami situated in Karnataka. His Biggest aspiration and dream was to expand his kingdom as big as possible and later he was successful and achieved his aim.    Badami Fort, Karnataka Why Immadi Pulikeshi was Called DakshinaPateshwar or Dakshinapateshwara? Pulikeshi was very dominant in the South of India, who occupied major parts of the South Indian territories with his exemplary nature, where no one dared to disturb him or his administration. Battle Between Immadi Pulikeshi and Emperor Harshavardhana - 618 AD 1. The two great emperors ruling the North and Southern parts of India - Harshavardhana ruled north India with Kannauj as his capital and Pulikeshi Badami as his capital. 2. Harshavardhana being very dominant saw a threat from a powerful rival in the south, he mar...

  Early Evidence of  “Dairy Production in Indus Valley Civilization”  yes, a new study has revealed that dairy products were being produced by the Haprappans 4500 years ago. This archaeological finding has been proved scientifically that dairy production was in place in the Indus Valley Civilization in 2500 BCE and the earliest known evidence of dairy production Why this Arecological Discovery is Surprising? The Indus Valley Civilization also called Harappan Civilization, when we discuss the Harappan civilization most of us always refer to this ancient civilization as the Metropolitian cities and larger and lower towns. We know Harappans had great Urban Planning, sewage systems, trading systems and are well versed in Jewellery Making. But we had no idea that the common man living during the Harappan times and their lifestyle and how they were contributing in the larger network. Key Findings From a Latest Study: The results were based on Molecular Chemical Analysis of resi...

The empire was at its peak and ruled not only Karnataka but the neighbouring states too ruling Southern and Central India between the 6th and 12th century. Chalukyas ruled from the Raichur Doab situated between the rivers of  Krishna and Tungabadra. Aihole - The first Capital of the Chalukyas Aihole was the first capital of the Chalukyas the city with a rich history, a cradle of temple architecture with 125 temples around it. AIhole was the  “Centre Of Trade”  which later developed into religious centre having the number of temples around. The capital of Chalukyas was later moved to Badami during Pulikeshi 1. Aihole was also known as the City Of Temples. The Chalukya Empire and The three distinct Badami Chalukyas  - Capital was Badami also known as Vatapi in Karnataka, was ruled from 6th century CE and later after the death King Pulikeshi 2 it declined. Eastern Chalukyas  - emerged after the death of King Pulikeshi 2, Capital was Vengi and ruled till 11th centur...

Vijayanagara  Which means  “The City Of Victory”  was the name of a city as well as an empire. The empire was founded by  “Harihara and Bukka”  in 1336 AD the city was stretched from the River Krishna in the north to the extreme south of the Peninsula. Vijayanagara Empire fell into ruins in the Eighteenth century yet lived in the memories of people living in the Krishna-Tungabadra Doab. They call it Hampi. Hampi  - The name derived from the Local Mothe Goddess - Pampadevi. These oral traditions combined with archaeological finds, monuments and inscriptions and other records helped scholars to rediscover the  Vijayanagara Empire. Hampi was discovered by an engineer and antiquarian Colonel Colin Mackenzie in 1800. In 1836 Epigraphists began collecting several dozen Inscriptions found in the temples of Hampi. There are many sources of Genealogy about the Vijayanagara Empire like : Inscriptions Numismatics Literary Works But Inscriptio...